Snow White Laundry & Drycleaners Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Snow White Laundry & Drycleaners - Case Study Example This essay discusses that the presence of Snow White Laundry & Drycleaners in Sydney has been a welcome phenomenon over the past few decades. Established in 1990, the business has proved to stand the test of time as it is among the most outstanding businesses in the area. The reason behind its inception during that time was to provide a healthy environment through the provision of clean apparels. The business has a staff of 9-10 employees who work to serve the customers that are coming from that area, or visiting from other areas. The growth of the business is determined by the manner in which they advertise their products and services. One crucial area in the running of the business is the incorporation of technology in the company. Engaging actively with customers on most media fronts is what keeps the company on its toes. The management and sales strategies the business employs are among the most crucial aspects that assist in its management and governance. By engaging in all clea ning and laundry operations, the company has something to offer most of its customers. Laundromat and laundry services make it easy for customers to choose what they want, and go for it through different avenues. The conducting of different analysis in the environment where the business is situated provides the company with sufficient information as to what best suits the company. Issues that arise are addressed as the small number of employees and suppliers can be handled, unlike with bigger businesses. Snow White Services offered and the pricing strategy Snow White Laundry & Dry cleaning offers most of the services that other laundry services offer. However, it does not deal in coin-operated services. This probably means that there is no self-service for customers looking to have their garments washed and cleaned. Snow White is located in Sydney 58 Terrace Street, and the business employs 9-10 employees who are capable of handling the number of customers that come in regularly. Th e pricing strategy that is employed by Snow White is based on the amount of time required to do laundry, and the quantity of laundry being done. After-service delivery is also among the business’s repertoire, where laundry can be taken to the respective owners. This is also done for a specified fee that is included in the price of conducting services. This strategy works to increase the service rate and increase the profits they receive (Lynn, 2010). Promotion and the situational analysis surrounding the business Offering deluxe services to some of their regular customers is a worthwhile promotion strategy. The discerning and hand finishing process makes customers’ garments receive extra attention from the employees in the company. This gives the whole process of giving already done laundry a human touch. Moreover, the hour-express service ensures that customers who might be in a hurry can get their garments after an hour. This makes it easy for the business to attract customers from the area, and away from competition. Examining the external and

The Process of Canonization Essay Example for Free

The Process of Canonization Essay The canonization process has existed in Catholicfor centuries. This process is steeped with history, as well as tradition, and rewards people for their unwavering commitment and faith to Catholicism. The process is long, arduous, expensive, and eventually requires authorization from the highest of Catholic officials. This paper will review the history, requirements, and financial expenses involved in the process of canonization into sainthood. History Saints are human, like us, but they personify divine power and have privileged contact with the supernatural. Saints perform miracles, receive visions, and are in love with the spirit. They truly are â€Å"the chosen few† (Dunn-Mascetti, 1994). As Catholics we refer to saints as people who are extremely holy; living their lives as perfect Christians, thus allowing them the right to serve God, on a personal level, in heaven (Schreck, 2004). Canonization is the process in which the pope declares a deceased constituent of the faithful is projected as a model and intercessor to the Christian principles and recognized as a saint due to living their life in a heroic manner or becoming a martyr because of their continued faith to God (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). This persons name is then inducted into the canon of saints, citing those who are to be given veneration universally into the church. Canonization is an earthly decision, meaning it honors them as a saint on earth, not their entry into heaven (Bunson, M. , Bunson S. Bunson, M. , 1998). According to Molinari O’Donnell (2000), canonization originated during the early formulation of the Christian doctrines of worship, invocation, and intercession. The faithful believed that martyrs were true Christians and saints because they made the supreme sacrifice, by giving their lives, for God, the Gospel, and the good of the church. Their suffering earned them ete rnal life. Toward the end of the great Roman persecutions, the veneration of martyrs was extended to confessors, those who defended and suffered for their faith, but did not die doing so. Those confessors who had been excellent Christians, in austerity and penance, were now eligible to be rewarded with sainthood (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). â€Å"The first formal canonization came in year 993, when Pope John XV raised Ulric of Augsburg to the altars during a synod at the Lateran Basilica†. As you will see, the qualifications for canonization in the later years became more stringent after previous inductees were found to be of imperfect sanctity (Bunson et al, 1998, p. 17). Requirements The process for canonization is divided into two phases; diocesan and Roman, or apostolic. When a person dies, and it is determined they lived a perfect and holy Christian life, a formal process for canonization is initiated. In the diocesan phase, the investigation is guided by the procedural law of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, by the diocesan bishop who formally conducts the process where the candidate died. A cause defined as â€Å"recent† is one where the person’s eligibility for sainthood can be corroborated through the disposition of eye-witnesses, and can only begin after a five years following the death of the candidate. A cause defined as â€Å"ancient† is where the evidence of virtues or martyrdom can be gathered only from written sources, subsequently, there is no time limit for this cause (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). The postulator, a person approved by the bishop and responsible for the presentation of evidence for authenticity, also agrees to bear the moral and financial expense of the cause. Their primary job is to supervise the investigation and to determine the candidate’s fitness for canonization, by researching their life, work, and holiness. After the diocesan phase is complete, the postulator will reside in Rome where he will develop the formal argument for canonization with the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, which is comprised of cardinals and bishops. During this time, the postulator will create a Positio, a book containing an account of the candidate’s life and virtue (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). In the diocesan phase, information, both positive and negative, on the candidate’s life, work, and holiness are collected and documented to establish the validity for the petition to canonize. In order for the nominee to advance to the next step, their published writings will be submitted for approval to two theological censors, selected by the bishop, and will be graded on doctrine and moral teachings. Other writings from the candidate will then presented to a historical commission, also selected by the bishop, which will conclude this particular phase. Evidence must clearly show that the candidate lived a life of faith, hope and charity beyond that of a common Christian (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). The Roman, or postolic, phase commences when the acts of the diocesan process have been turned over to the Congregation for the causes of Saints, and they have declared the cause as â€Å"valid†. At this point a â€Å"relator†, an official of the Congregation, will be appointed and will assist in the creation of the Positio. Another official of the Congregation, known as the â€Å"promoter of faith†, will be accountable for the assessment of the cau se by historical and theological consultants to whom the Positio may be submitted for their endorsement. At last, all of this information is submitted to the Congregation for the causes of Saints, who will then forward it to the pope upon their endorsement. If the pope determines the candidate as suitable for canonization, a Bull of Canonization is issued, infallibly affirming the candidate’s perfection of the saint’s life and distinguishing their role as a divine intercessor; thus becoming a saint (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). Even through the long, demanding process involving in-depth research, historical study, and theological manifestation, the decision to canonize lies solely with the pope, and requires a confirmation from God in the way of two miracles, which is scrutinized heavily by the Congregation. Miracles are a product of divine intervention and reinforce the candidate’s holiness as a servant of God. Martyrs are exempt from this miracle requirement because the act of sacrificing one’s life is viewed as the perfection of charity; they need not prove their worthiness in miracles (Molinari O’Donnell, 2000). Financial Expense The tremendously long hours of interviews, research, travel, and other intangibles make the canonization process an exhaustive event. The thoroughness of the process comes at a steep price. After sainthood is declared, the expenses include paintings representing the new saint which is given to the pope, cardinals, and other officials of the Congregation for the causes of Saints. Other expenses include decorations of the Basilica, Pontifical Mass, Sacred Vestments, and incidental expenses that make for a sizeable bill to the postulator of the cause. For example the final expenses for the canonization by Saint Leo XIII of Saint Anthony Maria Zaccaria and Saint Peter Fourier came to the total of 221,849. 10 Italian lira. When we convert that to the U. S. dollar, the total becomes $42,816. 87 (Beccari, 1907). Conclusion Canonization has long been a tradition in Catholicism that goes all the way back to year 993. The process is a thorough procedure that involves intensive investigation of a nominee and standard they maintained in their Christian and personal life. The requirements are tightly scrutinized, and for good reason, due to the nature of the appointment to saint. A saint is in personal contact with God in heaven; we worship and pray to them. We rely, trust, and place our faith in the pope and Congregation to make the right decision, to allow only the most deserving and most holy to be rewarded with the highest honor the church can bestow upon a human being. The cost is great, but the return on the investment is heavenly.

Examination of Womens Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Phi

Examination of Women's Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Philips' Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia When readers reflect on the poetry of the seventeenth century, poets such as John Donne and the Metaphysicals, Jonson and the Cavaliers, and John Milton often come to mind. The poetry crosses over various boundaries of Neoplatonic, Ovidian, and Petrarchan forms, for example, often with many references to women filling the lines. Described as helpless creatures, seventeenth century women were often shut out from all possibilities of power, and they were generalized into four categories: virgins, women to be married, married, and widowed. In the state of marriage, women were forced to be the submissive, powerless objects of their husbands. Equality and balance within their marriages were of no concern to men of the seventeenth century. Out of the oppressive setting of the seventeenth century arose very few women poets; however, Katherine Philips not only became a poet, but she also displayed her will to survive by responding to the negativity that surrounded the lives of females, especially the oppression of women in marriages. By focusing on the importance of friendships between women Philips used her poetry, specifically "Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia," as an outlet to critique the misogyny and misrepresentations of marriages put forth by male poets, such as John Donne, and the oppressive social settings of the seventeenth century. In order to better understand Philip's critique of Donne within the lines of her poetry, a reading of twentieth century critic Adrienne Rich's essay "When We Dead Awaken: Writing for Re-Vision" ... ...Company, 2000. Donne, John. "The Canonization." Abrams 1240-1241. Donne, John. "The Relic." Abrams 1253-1254. Donne, John. "The Sun Rising." Abrams 1239. Hageman, Elizabeth H. "The Matchless Orinda: Katherine Philips." Women Writers of the Renaissance Reformation. Georgia, 1987. Mendelson, Sara and Patricia Crawford. Women in Early Modern England 1550-1720. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Philips, Katherine. "Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia." Souers, Philips Webster. The Matchless Orinda. London: Oxford University Press, 1931. Rich, Adrienne. "When We Dead Awaken: Writing for Re-vision." On Lies, Secrets, and Silence. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1979. 33-49. Wiesner, Merry E. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. New York: Cambridge, 1993. Norton Topics Online: www. wwnorton.com/nael Examination of Women's Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Phi Examination of Women's Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Philips' Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia When readers reflect on the poetry of the seventeenth century, poets such as John Donne and the Metaphysicals, Jonson and the Cavaliers, and John Milton often come to mind. The poetry crosses over various boundaries of Neoplatonic, Ovidian, and Petrarchan forms, for example, often with many references to women filling the lines. Described as helpless creatures, seventeenth century women were often shut out from all possibilities of power, and they were generalized into four categories: virgins, women to be married, married, and widowed. In the state of marriage, women were forced to be the submissive, powerless objects of their husbands. Equality and balance within their marriages were of no concern to men of the seventeenth century. Out of the oppressive setting of the seventeenth century arose very few women poets; however, Katherine Philips not only became a poet, but she also displayed her will to survive by responding to the negativity that surrounded the lives of females, especially the oppression of women in marriages. By focusing on the importance of friendships between women Philips used her poetry, specifically "Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia," as an outlet to critique the misogyny and misrepresentations of marriages put forth by male poets, such as John Donne, and the oppressive social settings of the seventeenth century. In order to better understand Philip's critique of Donne within the lines of her poetry, a reading of twentieth century critic Adrienne Rich's essay "When We Dead Awaken: Writing for Re-Vision" ... ...Company, 2000. Donne, John. "The Canonization." Abrams 1240-1241. Donne, John. "The Relic." Abrams 1253-1254. Donne, John. "The Sun Rising." Abrams 1239. Hageman, Elizabeth H. "The Matchless Orinda: Katherine Philips." Women Writers of the Renaissance Reformation. Georgia, 1987. Mendelson, Sara and Patricia Crawford. Women in Early Modern England 1550-1720. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Philips, Katherine. "Friendship's Mystery: To My Dearest Lucasia." Souers, Philips Webster. The Matchless Orinda. London: Oxford University Press, 1931. Rich, Adrienne. "When We Dead Awaken: Writing for Re-vision." On Lies, Secrets, and Silence. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1979. 33-49. Wiesner, Merry E. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. New York: Cambridge, 1993. Norton Topics Online: www. wwnorton.com/nael

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan Essay -- Transporta

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan In Transportation Alternative's "Bicycle Blueprint" for the five boroughs of New York City, John Kaehny, executive director, states: Making greenway networks a reality will require partnership between planners and advocates, on the one hand, and public officials controlling purse strings on the other. Local elected officials, particularly city council members and borough presidents, have to be reminded that greenways can multiply the value and variety of open space in the region at very low cost in public resources; under ISTEA, bike and pedestrian projects may be paid for using a 20/80 local/federal matching formula. What's more, by offering fresh air, recreation, quiet and sheer visual relief, this enhanced open space can increase property values for both residential and commercial uses along the route. Greenways can also save or generate money by reducing infrastructure and energy costs, improving air quality and public health, and boosting tourism.1 Of course, Bloomington is a far cry from New York City but the statements made above hold just as strongly for the city of Bloomington, Indiana as for any other community interested in developing an alternative transportation greenway network. Over the past several months the city of Bloomington has been holding a series of public meetings and discussions to aid Bloomington planners in the creation of a greenways plan for the community. "The city already has miles of alternative transportation routes, including bike routes and lanes, trails, side paths, and multi-use trails, and the idea is to connect the parts," states Tom Micuda, Bloomington Planning Director.2 In fact, even before the public meetings began a grou... ...ricia Collingwood, City of Bloomington Planning Manager, and Josh Desmond, City of Bloomington Senior Planner, at City Hall on March 2, 2001. Follow-up meeting with Josh Desmond on March 30, 2001. Interview / phone conversation with Steve Cotter, Bloomington Parks and Recreation, on March 29, 2001. Johnson, Jennifer. Parking Revenue at $2.5 Million. Indiana Daily Student, January 29, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Ideas Sought to Link Greenways in Bloomington. Herald-Times, February 19, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Greenways Wish List Assembled. Herald-Times, February 21, 2001. Peck, Nick. Motorless in Montreal. Utne Reader, March-April 2001. Stuebe, Gayle et al. "Friends of the Limestone Trail" article from the Herald-Times provided by Scott Burgins. Transportation Alternative's "The Electronic Bicycle Blueprint" at http://www.transalt.org/blueprint/index.html

Report On A Richard Rogers Architecture Essay

This study is written to admit an architectural design icon, Richard Rogers. I will be looking at this adult male ‘s life and his achievements. Richard Rogers is my design icon because his edifices are bold, make bolding, attention-getting and of class, inspirational. To acquire the information and research I need, I will be chiefly garnering it from the cyberspace, interviews and picture every bit good as any books I can come across. Hopefully, after reading this study you will understand why Richard Rogers is considered a design icon non to merely myself, but the remainder of the universe. Richard Rogers As a individual, Richard Rogers has lead an unbelievable life, born in Italy, he trained at the AA ( Architectural Association ) and Yale University go forthing with an impressive sum of makings. Richard Rogers, his spouse Norman Foster and their married womans Su Brumwell and Wendy Cheesman, set up an architectural pattern called Team 4, although this partnership merely lasted a 4 old ages, Richard continued to get married Su, and make a new partnership with Renzo Piano when they so designed the first of many inspirational edifices, the Pompidou Centre. Richard won assorted awards for many different edifices, even though he did hold some jobs with the populace about his edifices, he did travel on to plan another edifice, the Lloyd ‘s edifice in London, which is much more popular today than it was when it was being built. Richard has visited many different states go forthing his grade in many of them, including the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, New York and Japan. He has inspired many people with his edifices and his finding. He has non being afraid of seting his thoughts frontward, and has been given both heartache and congratulations by the populace. He is committed to guaranting that his edifices should be â€Å" people ‘s topographic points † . The BBC invited Richard as the first designer to give the BBC Reith Lectures for a series called ‘Cities for a Small Planet ‘ . Richard even became the Chief Advisor on Architecture and Urbanism to the Mayor of London, he has besides been a president of the Tate Gallery and Honorary Trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. If that was n't plenty, he even went on to be knighted and became Lord Rogers. Richard Rogers has many accomplishments and has done many, many things over his life-time, below is a short timeline of some of his most singular accomplishments. Richard Rogers was born in Florence, Italy in 1933. Richard moved to London to travel to the Architectural association. He so went on to derive a maestro ‘s grade from Yale University in 1962. Richard met up with former Yale pupil Norman Foster and began an architectural pattern called Team 4 with their married womans, although the partnership merely lasted a few old ages, Richard rapidly found a new spouse, Renzo Piano, who together won the Prizker Price their edifice the Pompidou Centre which was built in 1977. His following chief edifice was Lloyds edifice in London which was completed in 1986 which became merely every bit much of a memorial as large ben. The European Court of Human Rights ( 1995 ) is really popular in France, for its antic expressions. The Barajas airdrome in Madrid was besides a caput Turner. The Millennium Dome though truly was a antic construction, stand foring so much in such a alone manner, this was completed in 1999. Another large undertaking was London Heathrow Terminal 5, there was so much to this undertaking, but it was eventually completed in 2008. And eventually, a existent memorial, Three Word Trade Centre, it is said to be completed between 2011 and 2015, it is to stand following to two other towers built by other designers utilizing the same manner. Born in Italy 1933 Architectural Association, Yale University 1954 1959 Fullbright, Edward Stone and Yale Scholar 1961 1962 Team 4 1963 1967Pompidou Centre1977Richard Rogers Partnership 1977 RIBA Gold Medal 1985Lloyds edifice1986Knighted 1991 BBC 1995The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg1995Lord Rogerss 1996Barajas airdrome1997Tomas Jefferson Medal 1999Millennium dome1999Chief adviser on architecture 2001 2009 Stirling Prize 2006 Minerva Medal 2007 Pritzker Prize 2007London Heathrow terminal 52008Three World Trade CentreOn-goingBuildingsRichard Rogers has designed many edifices, most popular are the Pompidou Centre in Paris, in London he designed the Lloyd ‘s Building, the Millennium Dome and London Heathrow Terminal 5. The European Court of Human Rights edifice in Strasbourg, Barajas airport terminal 4 in Madrid and the National Assembly for Wales edifice were besides antic constructions.The Pompidou CentreThe Centre Pompidou was Richards first edifice created aboard Renzo Piano in 1977, the design of which won the Prizker Prize in 2007 by fundamentally making the edifice inside out. This meant that all the parts you would normally anticipate to see indoors, like the stepss, air canals, plumbing, overseas telegrams, etc. were all on the exterior of the edifice making monolithic indoor infinite, which is peculiarly utile as this peculiar edifice was used as an art museum, in fact, it is the largest museum for modern art in Europe. Not merely was this edifice functional, it besides complimented its usage for an art museum, affecting its visitants before they even entered the edifice. In theory, holding the internal care, such as the plumbing and air canals, should besides do the edifice easier to keep. Another congratulating facet of the edifice is how each external portion has being colour coded to do certain they stood out instead than intermix in. The Pompidou ‘s original programs were really much more excessive to get down, including traveling internal walls and adjustable floors, which unluckily, did non do it into the concluding design. Richard was at first loath to set this design frontward as he was confident that the Gallic authorities would turn it down, but as it has it, they did n't, and although it was criticized at first and claimed to be ‘ugly ‘ it is now complimented on being â€Å" one of the most singular edifices of the twentieth century. †The central office for Lloyd ‘s of LondonRichard used the Pompidou centre as an inspiration for his following edifice, the Lloyds edifice in London. This was a monolithic undertaking as the old edifice was created in steel where as this one of concrete. Once once more the edifice was designed with its internal parts, outdoors, this even included glass lifts which were the first of their sort in the UK, every bit good as the overseas telegrams, stepss, pipes and even the lavatories. This, of class, left big unfastened infinites on the interior. Once once more the Lloyds edifice was brilliantly coloured and brilliantly lit. The populace at first feared this would do this edifice an ‘alien ‘ is really â€Å" regarded as one of the finest edifices on London since the 1980 ‘s †The Millennium DomeThe millenary dome is another 1 of Richards ‘s creative activities. It is a really cagey design with 12 towers or ‘arms ‘ squeeze outing from the white canopy which support the roof of the construction. Stretching out a monolithic 365m diameter, the Dome is the biggest 1 in the universe. The design of the construction is besides cagey as you will detect 365m in diameter, one metre for each twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth, every bit good as one tower for each month of the twelvemonth. Although you would of ne'er of realized until person mentioned it, it ‘s still a singular thing to hold built in. On the interior there was a big unfastened infinite with a fanlight in the centre of it all to make full with whatever the users would wish, which for the millenary, was split into 13 different zones to educate the populace in an synergistic manner, unluckily, the ?43 million constructing merely brought in half the expected visitants and was eventually converted into the 02 Arena. The millenary dome was a singular construction built for the millenary and had been planned for since 1996, and was originally planned as a impermanent construction to last merely 1 twelvemonth, but as it happens, it ‘s lasted much longer.175 Greenwich Street175 Greenwich Street is the future site of the 3rd universe trade centre. The construction will stretch up to 1155 pess with 71 narratives, four of which will be below street degree. The edifice will busy 200x 198 pess. The edifice itself has been designed to the highest energy efficiency evaluations. It is to hold a cardinal concrete nucleus utilizing a steel frame on the exterior of the edifice. It is planned to be completed between 2011and 2015 depending when the site is available to developers. The edifice will besides be accompanied by two other towers built by separate designers but hired by the same company, Silverstein Properties. All three edifices are to hold the same manner.London Heathrow Terminal 5Terminal 5 was eventually approved in 2001 after a 46 month public enquiry, the longest public enquiry in British history. In 2002 work had eventually started and was non completed until 2008. The new terminus means that the airdrome can back up a much higher rider capacity, but it will non hold any more flights, although conservationists say it will take to more flights and pollution. For the terminus to be built, two rivers had to be diverted. Using unreal waterways to successfully deviate the rivers allowed the ?4.2 billion edifice to be built. Terminal 5 had to include a railroad station and several other edifices every bit good as a control tower ; this truly shows how large the undertaking really is.MannerRichard Rogers has been accused of holding several different manners, he himself is committed on his edifices being â€Å" people topographic points † , although this is non usually classed as a manner, he surely has made it into 1 with his constructions have extremely big indoor infinites. Bowellism is another manner related to his first edifice, the Pompidou Centre. Having the internal constituents such as the lifts, pipes, stepss and overseas telegrams externally, means that there is an unreal sum of floor infinite, which, for an art museum, is really utile. Post-modern is referred to another one of his constructions, the Lloyds edifice in London, holding all the constituents clearly seeable, and so brilliantly painted, and so brilliantly illume When Richard was younger, he dreamed of constructing a Zip-up house where his parents would populate, a zip-up house fundamentally means ready to piece or a level battalion house. Having walls, floors, panels and so on prebuilt and fabricated doing the edifice energy efficient, and easy to set.DecisionAs you can see, Richard Rogers has lead a singular life, constructing many inspirational edifices such as the Pompidou Centre, go forthing his grade in many states such as England, and many metropoliss such as Strasbourg, he has received many good merited awards for his edifices and has even been knighted by the queen. He has an unbelievable design oculus, and is non afraid to travel outside of the box, or in some instances, the edifice, and even though some of his edifices have been criticized severely, in the terminal, they ever came out positive. The fact that Richard is still planing, and his designs still make the public pant is astonishing, hopefully he will go on to construct and design for every bit long as possible, and I ‘m certain that many people will be inspired by his work and his life. All of these things, and many, many more, rebelliously make him a supreme pick of a design icon.RecommendationsTrying to urge anything for Richard Rogers is highly hard as he has done it all, he ‘s traveled, he ‘s married, he ‘s left his grade, he ‘s divine, he ‘s lived, if anything people should look at his life and do recommendations for themselves. Make what you love making, and do it until you die, do n't be afraid of seting your thoughts frontward, and battle for what you want.

Joan of Arc Essay Essays

Joan of Arc Essay Essays Joan of Arc Essay Essay Joan of Arc Essay Essay Essay Topic: Saint Joan Throughout the life of Saint Joan of Arc she showed and proved that she possessed three outstanding virtues of Justice, courage, and spirituality. Joan of Arc was one of the first women that ever Joined an army and everyday she showed that she was courageous and Just. Saint Joan also proved that she was Just when she refused to lead an attack against innocent civilians even though the general gave her specific orders dodo so. It is also known that Saint Joan hated seeing anyone in a type of bloodshed or pain. Even though Saint Joan was Just it did not keep her from being courageous. One way Saint Joan proved that she was courageous was by being a women and leading the French army in fifteenth century when at the time being a women in the army was unacceptable. But even as a child Saint Joan of Arc showed much courage. Once as a child a man with an ax came out of the woods threatening to kill everyone and as everyone ran away little Joan of Arc approached him, talked to him and convinced him to set the ax down and stop the threats. As many courageous acts Saint Joan made it was her spirituality that kept her going at times she did not know exactly what to do. It was most likely Saint Jeans spirituality that helped win every battle considering before every battle she would give great praise to God. Another example of Jeans spirituality Is how she heard voices from God every since she was a child to when she was a young adult. These voices as well helped her through Just about everything from the point when she was fighting battles to when she was trying to find the Dauphin In a large crowd. Even though Saint Joan of Arc was put through many tough obstacles In life her character did not change and she remained Just, courageous, and spiritual throughout her life.

Role of gender in international migration Essays

Role of gender in international migration Essays Role of gender in international migration Essay Role of gender in international migration Essay Over the last few decennaries the function of gender in international migration has mostly been ignored. This is despite the fact that gender plays a really important function in the analysis of international migration. Migration theory has mostly focused on the causes of international migration and their wake. ( Bernhard. Judith. Patricia et Al. 2006 ) Without a clear apprehension of the function of gender in international migration it becomes hard to explicate the causes of adult females migration. why adult females are represented in certain labour flows and non others and so on. It does non explicate why adult females may be motivated to go international migrators. why they choose refugee or refuge position and why they are normally trafficked. Migration may bring forth wholly different results for both work forces and adult females. Currently adult females constitute about half of all international migrations. ( Hondagneu-Sotelo. Pierrette ) . During the 1970s adult females migrated as married womans and girls but today they migrate entirely representing what is known as primary migrators instead than secondary migrators. The major finish for adult females migrators in developing states is the Gulf rich part and Western Asia whereas in developed states they head to US. Western Europe and Australia. ( Pessar Patricia. 1999 ) . The adult females largely head off as domestic workers. Some states such as Sri Lanka and Philippines promote adult females to migrate as domestic workers in order to hike remittals back place. ( United Nations Population Fund. 2006 ) The development of service based economic systems in the station industrial states favours the migration of adult females unlike in the industrial age where bluish collar workers were in demand. The work performed by immigrant adult females subsidizes the work that would hold been performed by the in-between category and affluent adult females of developed states thereby liberating them to prosecute other activities in concern and professional chases. They may besides pass more clip with their kids in order to transfuse values in them. The migration of adult females has produced great inequalities between adult females while go forthing the male laterality integral. Furthermore nowadays these adult females are separated from their kids and this greatly disturbs the traditional household set-up. Sometimes the female parent may remain for up to fifteen old ages before re-uniting with her kids. To to the full understand the function of gender in international migration you have to understand to the full the chief types of migration such as impermanent. permanent. illegal. labor and migration due to war or struggles. During the 1970s adult females were perceived as passive in migration and migration merely tended to speak about work forces and their households. However as more adult females began to work and as the feminist motion begun to pick up the function of gender became more important. There are three distinguishable phases where gender dealingss and functions affect international migration forms. ( Boyd Monica. Grieco Elizabeth. March 2003 ) . The first phase is the pre-migration phase. In this phase there are many factors that exist that make it more or less possible for adult females to migrate. They include both system and macro factors such as the economic system of the state. and single factors such as gender specific phase in the life-cycle. Gender dealingss within the household affect the migration patterns because it is at the household where the male authorization is most seeable. The household decides the function of the adult female and assigns her responsibilities which determine the comparative motive to migrate. It is the household that decides the distribution of resources and information that can promote or deter migration. The interaction of women’s functions. position. and age within a peculiar socio-cultural context consequences in a migratory chance which can impact the migratory chance of adult females to migrate. ( Zionic Haria. 2003 ) . The civilization of the directing state determines the likeliness that adult females in assorted places will migrtate. In this respect a woman’s place in the directing society non merely influences her ability to independently make up ones mind to migrate and to entree the resources needed to make so. but besides the chance to migrate when she decides to make so. Certain macro features of the state of beginning can besides act upon gender specific migration. These features ever do interact with the gender dealingss and place of adult females in the sending society and affect determinations about who moves and who doesn’t. These features include the province of the country’s economic system and the type of economic activity prevalent whether agricultural. industrial or service economic system ; the types of economic systems within the assorted communities. degree of supplanting caused by the economic alterations and displacements in agricultural production and the conditions of work. Decisions made at the pre-migration phase are influenced by a assortment of gender related factors. In certain fortunes work forces are more likely to go forth while in others adult females are more likely to go forth. However the determination to go forth is non the same thing as to be allowed to go out or come in a specific state. Through their policies. states are major influencers in the international migration procedure. National policies of the states of beginning can act upon migration through regulations of issue that may impact work forces and adult females migrators otherwise. For case some labour exporting states have implemented conditions that protect adult females against development and this prevents them from prosecuting in labour migration. In decision gender greatly affects both the extent and the form of international migration. As more adult females move into the work force particularly in developing states there will be continued addition in feminisation of migration. This will bring forth great inequalities between adult females and households in both the development and developed states. Works cited Bernhard. Judith. Patricia Landoit and Luin Goldring. 2006. Transnational. Multi-Local Motherhood: Experiences of separation and Reunification among Latin American Families in Canada . CERIS. Policy affairs. No24. January 2006. Boyd Monica. Grieco Elizabeth ( March 2003 ) . Migration Policy Institute. Women and Migration: Integrating Gender into International migration Theory. 5 June 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. migration policy. com/migration policy. html Hondagneu-Sotelo. Pierrette. ’Overcoming Patriarchal Constraints: The Reconstruction of Gender Relations Among Mexican Immigrant Women and Men . Gender and Society. Vol. 6. No. 3. 393-415 ( 1992 ) Pessar. Patricia. 1999. Engendering Migration Studies: The instance Of New Immigrants in the United States . American Behavioral Scientist 42 ; 577. Zionik. Haria. 2003. The Global Dimensions of Female Migration. 5 June 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. migrationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? ID=109. hypertext markup language

Challenging Traditional European Beliefs essays

Challenging Traditional European Beliefs essays There were many people who came along in Europe who tried to change the way people thought about different beliefs. Some ideas were quiet successful in getting across to peoples minds and some were rejected for being too ridiculous. But there were only a few plans that had a major impact. Marxism, Freudianism, and the womens movement challenged traditional European beliefs before the First World War. Karl Marx, the founder of Marxism, was born in Trier, Russia in May 1818. His Jewish family converted to Protestantism when he was very young, and he came from a petty-bourgeoisie household. Karl earned multiple degrees in law and philosophy, and in 1844, met Frederick Eagles. That same year he published a work called Marxism. In 1848, he published in German The Communist Manifesto. The work established three major points: that the existence of classes is only bound up with the particular, historical phases in the development of production, that the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat, and that this dictatorship itself only constitutes the transition to the abolition of all classes and to a classless society. The four groups that he established in The Communist Manifesto were hunter and gatherer, feudalism, capitalism, and communism. Marx played a crucial role in the revolts of Paris, and was then banned from Paris. He continued to do his work in Belgium, and was later expelled from Belgium. Later on, he was banished from Germany, and resided in England. His ideas were embraced by the authoritarian government in the twentieth century. Marxism was a crucial part in challenging the beliefs of traditional life before World War I. Sigmund Freud early in his life started with hypnosis and then moved to free expression. He allowed his patients in free expression to talk frequently about childhood and sexuality. Freud ...

Contextualizing the Effects of the Ruhr Crisis on the Second World War Essay

Contextualizing the Effects of the Ruhr Crisis on the Second World War - Essay Example The Occupation of Ruhr by the French triggered a domino effect of failures and problems that indirectly contributed to the inexorability of a second world war. The issue of reparations and the extent of the effects of the Ruhr crisis comprise â€Å"an excruciatingly tangled thicket into which only a few intrepid explorers have ventured.† However, if one must venture into this tangled thicket, one must plot a course that will show the clearest way to untangle it and take out the unnecessary weeds. In this sense, because the post-war period and the Ruhr crisis involve a lot of events and activities, one must sort through this stream of information and pick out only what is relevant. That is to say that the course exhibited in this paper is not the only explanation as another person may view the events in a different light and may go through a different route. Furthermore, the Ruhr Occupation and World War II are separated by sixteen long years; and so, it is very difficult to sa y for certain that the former caused the latter. Hence, this paper will attempt to show a complete analysis of the significant chain of events that explains why the Ruhr Crisis made a great contribution to the inevitability of a second world war through a shift or a regression in the European balance of power. France’s failure to achieve her goal of industrial expansion through the Occupation of Ruhr proved to be catastrophic as it not only drove a wedge between Britain and France and diminished her power in Europe, but it also created a chain of events that led to Germany’s reinforced supremacy that tipped the balance of power in her favor and the latter’s thirst for revenge that contributed greatly to the inevitability of World War II.

Contract Law (Introduction to Business Law) Essay

Contract Law (Introduction to Business Law) - Essay Example s to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed, the â€Å"offeree.3† The â€Å"expression4† may take different forms. The intention element is an objective consideration and the case of Smith v Hughes 5emphasised the relevant consideration as being a focus on how a reasonable person would view the situation. Seddon et al further assert that the â€Å"test for existence and the scope for an agreement is that of an objective manner. When a test is objective, it takes account of what the parties actually did say in order to make an offer and agreement6†. Moreover, in the case of Storer v Manchester City Council7 it was asserted by Lord Denning that â€Å"a man cannot get out of a contract by saying: I did not intend to contract† if by his words he has done so†8. Furthermore, in the case of Acme Grain Co. v Wenaus 9it was asserted: â€Å"to constitute a contract, there must be an offer by one person to another and an acceptance of that offer by the person to whom it is made. A mere statement of a person’s intention or a declaration of his willingness to enter into negotiations is not an offer and cannot be accepted so as to form a valid contract10†. Additionally, the law distinguishes between an offer and an invitation to treat, which is not an offer but an indication of willingness to negotiate a contract11. For example, in the case of Gibson v Manchester City Council12, the words â€Å"may be prepared to sell† constituted an invitation to treat and not a distinct offer. Indeed, the Gibson decision challenged the traditional view for formation of contractual agreement. In this case, Lord Denning asserted that when considering whether there is a binding contractual agreement, it could be argued that: â€Å"there is no need to look for strict offer and acceptance. You should look at the correspondence as a whole and at the conduct of the parties and see therefore

Total SA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Total SA - Essay Example The investors generate dividends from their investments. Investors receive dividends based on the prior year’s net income performance. With higher net income, the investors will automatically receive higher dividends (Warren, 2009). Further, the investors can also generate gains from the selling of their TOTAL SA investments (Crosson, 2011). If the investors are able to sell their investments at a bid price that is higher than the investors’ cost of investing in the TOTAL SA stocks, the investors generate gains. When economic depression or unfavorable economic constraints crop up, the investors may be persuaded to sell their investments in TOTAL SA investments at prices at an amount that is lower than the investment price. When this occurs, the investors generate stock exchange losses (DuBrin, 2009). TOTAL SA Company’s structure in relation the organisation’s goals, aims and objectives. The TOTAL SA organisation structure fittingly enhances the accomplishm ent of organizational s goal, aims and objectives (Daft, 2011). With more investors, the amount of investment is higher. The investors’ money plus TOTAL SA Company’s use of long term loans increase the amount of assets. The TOTAL SA Company maximizes the total assets to generate revenues (Weetman, 2006). Further, the stockholders’ investments and loans ensure accomplishment of the company’s goal, aims and objectives (Ferrrell, 2010). The company is able to establish oil and natural gas exploration development contracts in different strategic locations around the world. The cash inflows from loans and stockholders’ investments are successfully used to refine petrochemicals. The same finance amounts are used to manufacture the chemical product needs of the TOTAL SA Company’s current and future customers (Nutt, 2010). Specifically, the TOTAL SA Company specicalises in selling elastomer-based products (Total, 2012). The company also sells adhesi ve products. Another major product of TOTAL SA Company is classified as electroplating items. The bulk of the company’s profitable products falls under the petroleum market segment. The investments are used to foster company’s trading and shipping of petroleum chemical finished goods (products). Moreover, the investments and loan amounts are used to sell the finished goods (Baumol, 2009). The raw petroleum extracts are processed into finished goods. The TOTAL SA Company finished goods include the top selling Liquefied Petroleum Gas products. Another finished product is home heating gas. A third finished product is asphalt petroleum products. The fourth finished good type, asphalt, is used in the paving of the highways and smaller roads. The fifth finished good classification, lubricants, is a very popular lubricating product group (Total, 2012). Further, the investments and loans are used to generate a big share of the global energy market segment. The funds are used t o realize generating an increase of 2.5 percent production output every year (Total, 2012). The funds are used to maximize the company’s scarce asset resources. The scarce resources are used to expand the oil production facilities (Fabozzi, 2011). The company continues to set up new oil production facilities in new oil fields. The investments and loans are used to quickly set into motion cost reduction activities. With cost reduction, the

Educationn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educationn - Research Paper Example She was supposed to read the essay in one hour. The first section involved four open ended reflective questions on the topic, which the students was required to answer without referring to any sources. The time allocated for this section was twenty minutes. The second section involved five short answer questions where the student was given a total of twenty-five minutes to refer to the article and class notes and provide the answers in writing. As the student attempted the second section of the questions, the teacher moved about attempting to analyse she was behaving as well as her working patterns. The last section involved one essay question on the same topic that Joan was supposed to research on and write a comprehensive essay in a period of one hour. A stopwatch was provided so that the student could time herself. The teacher then checked the work of the student and later facilitated discussion on each question during the next session. This paper is a report on the findings on re ading capability of Joan as well as recommendations. The testing was done on 21 May 2012 after which a discussion with the teacher was done the following day. After the test, the teacher also tried to research more on Joan’s performance in other subjects as well as her reading habits at home. Joan is an eighth grade student. The history teacher realized that Joan had a reading problem and decided to analyse it. Her problem was on reading speed and the much time she took to conceptualize facts. However, Joan always tried to finish her assignments and hand them in time. She is an average student but appears to have difficulties especially during exams when she cannot finish examinations in time. According to her parents, Joan does not schedule much time for reading and rarely reads novels or storybooks. Generally, Joan has a good attitude toward learning and tries to put many efforts in her work. Her visual capability appeared normal as

Strategy Required to Improve Project Management Outcomes - Approved Case Study

Strategy Required to Improve Project Management Outcomes - Approved projects align with corporate strategy - Case Study Example It is very clear from the internal memorandum sent by the chairman to the senior project manager wherein he has shared his concern over declining number of such projects delivered in right time and budget although the project managers are capable of technical knowhow and follow principles based management practices. Let’s hope that ideas offered by all of us on how to implement latest project management principles and processes to better manage time and cost factors could help the our organization. Our objective is to provide inputs on effectively managing new projects through our individual ideas on why project success rate is falling down while keeping the principles of project management in view. The past experience in project management has not been remarkable. That’s why opinions of the team members have been sought by the chairman. Actually, the company is lagging behind the goals earmarked. It was expected by the top management that with the given expertise and technical hold, we will enter the global market very soon but overseas projects taken so far have not helped us in capturing foreign market; the gap between the goals and outcomes is widening. Our aim is to rework on current management theory to see that approved projects align with our organization’s strategy. Accountability needs to be determined so that in case a project fails, responsibility is fixed. A number of factors determine the success of a project. Sometimes, it is seen that dedicated support for the project is not provided by the senior members of the board. Without overall and individual level support by top brass of the organization, project starts staggering. When the project reaches certain stage, another urgent project comes by for getting attention of the project team as it has to be completed before the ongoing project. The role of the senior management becomes very crucial in the organization

Educationn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educationn - Research Paper Example She was supposed to read the essay in one hour. The first section involved four open ended reflective questions on the topic, which the students was required to answer without referring to any sources. The time allocated for this section was twenty minutes. The second section involved five short answer questions where the student was given a total of twenty-five minutes to refer to the article and class notes and provide the answers in writing. As the student attempted the second section of the questions, the teacher moved about attempting to analyse she was behaving as well as her working patterns. The last section involved one essay question on the same topic that Joan was supposed to research on and write a comprehensive essay in a period of one hour. A stopwatch was provided so that the student could time herself. The teacher then checked the work of the student and later facilitated discussion on each question during the next session. This paper is a report on the findings on re ading capability of Joan as well as recommendations. The testing was done on 21 May 2012 after which a discussion with the teacher was done the following day. After the test, the teacher also tried to research more on Joan’s performance in other subjects as well as her reading habits at home. Joan is an eighth grade student. The history teacher realized that Joan had a reading problem and decided to analyse it. Her problem was on reading speed and the much time she took to conceptualize facts. However, Joan always tried to finish her assignments and hand them in time. She is an average student but appears to have difficulties especially during exams when she cannot finish examinations in time. According to her parents, Joan does not schedule much time for reading and rarely reads novels or storybooks. Generally, Joan has a good attitude toward learning and tries to put many efforts in her work. Her visual capability appeared normal as

Improving Web Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improving Web Security - Essay Example The security of passwords was not of as much worth decades ago as it is today and this is not the sole responsibility of the institutions/bodies that offer email or banking services etc. One must consider taking multiple measures in order to increase the strength of passwords and tighten the security. It is necessary to have the understanding of how the passwords are compromised despite high security algorithms deployed by respective institutions. The easiest way of tracing the passwords of people is to introduce agent software i.e. a spyware into their computer systems to monitor, record and transmit the details of each and every activity people perform including password entries at different sites. This happens through emails, chats and downloading form unauthentic websites like pornographic sites etc. A good internet security firewall installation can handle this situation quite effectively but the possibilities of breaches remain. One of the indications is that the computer syste m takes unusual time in processing usual transactions because of the added work that spywares perform. The other reasons of password compromise include the careless selection of passwords and their redundant usage at different forums to save the hassle of memorization. Sometimes it happens that the communication between the user and the respective body like bank is intercepted by introduction of a lookalike page instead. The users most of the times remain unable to figure out the differences in haste and deliver the actual information to the false page. Redundant passwords cause more damage as the leakage of just one, opens multiple personal horizons of a person’s life before the hackers and cyber criminals. IMPROVING CONTRIBUTIONS OF PASSWORD PROTECTION FOR INFORMAITON SECURITY The baseline of information security lies in the basic structure of the information system itself. The following steps, if taken for the better management of the system would be massive contributions to the improvement of password protection for information security. Information security is an iterative process. It is essential that this process must first be controlled; it should then be planned, implemented, evaluated and maintained. CONDUCTION OF RISK ANALYSIS The use of risk analysis identifies the security requirements of the IT Customers. IMPROVING MINIMUM SECIRUTY BASELINE The feasibility of the requirements assessed in the risk analysis should be compared with the current security assessment and implementation structure of the organization. CONSTRUCTION OF SLA. SLA or Service level agreement between the customers dealing with an organization and the IT management of the company is required to be made. This agreement defines the measurable terms of the information security requirements. It also contains details of the specification of this achievement. OLAs Operational Level Agreements provide the detailed instructions of the implementation of the information security Req uirements. These instructions are negotiated and defined. SLA AND OLA IMPLEMENTATION The successful implementation of the SLA and OLA are done. The regular outcomes of the implementation at every transaction done are monitored. Repots about their outcomes are shared with the customer. The feedback from the customers leads to modification of the implemented information secur

First Eclogue of Vrigil Essay Example for Free

First Eclogue of Vrigil Essay The first eclogue was written between 42 and 39 B.C.E. Two of the eclogues which are the 1 and 9 belong to the pastoral poetry. This eclogue is a 12 verses dialogue between 2 herdsmen: Meliboeus and Tityrus. The first eclogue is based on a personal experience. Virgil and his family had been evicted and this memory appears in the personality of Meliboeus. But the family got their rights back because of Octavianus and the personality of Tityrus reflects Virgil’s gratefulness. 1st stanza(Meliboeus): * it is a complaint * he called himself a kind of exile * he knew that his fortune is worse than Tityrus’s * he had to leave his â€Å"sweet fields† 2nd stanza(Tityrus): * the God is the one who can help * he helped him too 3rd stanza(Meliboeus): * Meliboeus is not jealous of Tityrus * he started to complain about his past * he asked a question about the God who was mentioned by Tityrus 4th stanza(Tityrus): * he praised Rome with the cypress-comparison * Rome is the King of cities for him 5th stanza(Meliboeus): * this is a question * why Tityrus wanted to go Rome 6th stanza(Tityrus): * freedom is an important thing for Tityrus * he wasn’t free with Galatea * Galatea is a mythological person who symbolises the social problems * in the mythology she was in love and she was killed by a jealous women. * Amaryllis symbolises the present who is his new love 7th stanza(Meliboeus): * he refers to Tityrus’s happy life 8th stanza(Tityrus): * maybe he mentioned the God who helped him 9th stanza(Meliboeus): * he said that Tityrus kept his field * it refers to Tityrus’s loyalty about his home * In spite of the social problems he didn’t leave his homeland 10th stanza(Tityrus): * he would never leave his home 11th stanza(Meliboeus): * Meliboeus wanted to find a new home 12th stanza(Tityrus): * Tityrus offers food and place to sleep to Meliboeus To sum up: Tityrus ‘s personality reflects the loyalty about his homeland. He tries to convince Meliboeous of this loyalty because he can’t ignore the problems of their home.

Agnews General Strain Theory (GST) Summary and Analysis

Agnews General Strain Theory (GST) Summary and Analysis INTRODUCTION According to an American Psychological Association survey, 73% of Americans named money as the primary affecter of their stress levels. Stress can be influenced by a variety of factors however, whether it is accumulation of wealth, death of a friend, or perhaps loss of job. Anger and depression are often are the results of failing to achieve goals, such as a student struggling to fit in with his peers or with the loss of a positively valued stimuli such as a friend or family member. Peoples methods of coping with stress can take two general avenues, the first avenue being the use of legitimate means of achieving goals or coping with stress, such as seeking professional help, and the second being illegitimate means, for example, bullying kids at school because of frustrations of not fitting in. Are people more likely to commit crime when stressed? This question would be answered yes by Robert Agnew and can be examined using his General Strain Theory which explores the causes strain, h ow to measure strain, the relationship between strain and crime, as well as policy implications based directly off his theory. A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRAIN THEORY Emile Durkheim first popularized the term anomie, which essentially is defined normlessness, or the instability that occurs when norms and cultural values breakdown. Durkheim argued that during rapid changes that take place in society, norms will breakdown. Robert King Merton in 1938 used the idea of anomie to help develop the foundation for strain theory. Merton argues that the struggle to accumulate wealth is the chief cause of strain (Merton 1938: 670). Merton suggests that there are two important elements of social structure. The first contains cultural goals, the function of the goals, and interests (Merton 1938: 672). The second phase of the social structure defines how society is to go about achieving these goals, by placing regulations and creating laws (Merton 1938: 673). The American dream is a popular culturally defined goal, Merton argued, which through honest-dedicated work, anyone can achieve this dream of wealth. Society defines what avenues are to be considered legitimate to achieve this goal, for example, earning a college degree and earning a high paying job would be a legitimate path as defined by our society. Since wealth in American is not distributed equally Merton (1938) argued that strain often occurs for those who are undercapitalized and do not have access to these legitimate means. Merton (1938) illustrates four responses to this strain. The first, conformity, Merton suggests that people who take this path subscribe to cultural goals and go about achieving these goals by using societys institutionalized means. The second path, innovation, suggests that when a person finds that an obstacle inhibits the ability to achieve the cultural goals, the person will not use institutionalized means; rather, they will employ other means. The third path, ritualism, describes a person that will reject the culture goals of society, but use its institutions as an avenue for advancement. The fourth, is the polar opposite of the path of conformity such that a person who is retreatist will reject cultural goals and its institutionalized means, people that take this path are people who essentially are not part of society (Merton 1938: 674). Furthering Mertons ideas in 1994, Messer and Rosenfeld expanded on idea of the American Dream as an origin of criminality. Messer and Rosenfeld (1994) state that the heavy emphasis on American Dream encourages criminal impulses while creating a weak normative environment. Agnews Revision of Strain Theory Robert Agnew, who devised a revision to previous strain theories, argued that most of the previous theories accredit crime to the failure of adolescents to accomplish traditional goals defined by society through legitimate avenues (Agnew 1985). Agnew (1992) states that despite criticism from distinguished theorists such as Travis Hirschi, strain theory can be vital in the explanation of some delinquency, although to do so effectively, strain theory needs revision. Agnew cites that if in fact the previous theories were to be true, it would be expected that crime would occur when there would be there a strong desire for monetary success and a low expectation of fulfilling that desire (Agnew 1985). However, Agnew (1985), suggests that tests have proved differently. According to Agnew (2001) studies show that delinquency peaks when desires, goals, and the expectation of achieving the desires or goals are low, and delinquency is lowest when desires, goals and the expectation of accomplishing the goals are high(Agnew 2001:). This is only one example of how Agnew began his revision Agnews General Strain Theory Agnews strain theory is focused on the individual level and their immediate social environment (Agnew 1992:48). Where most other strain theories, such as Mertons, put a heavy focus on accumulation of wealth, a structural cultural goal, Agnew tends to focus on goals that cause strain other than wealth accumulation. Agnew (1992) identifies three major sources of strain, being, the prevention or blockage of achieving positively valued goals, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and the threat or presentation of negatively valued stimuli. Failure to Achieve Goals Agnew (1992:51) describes multiple types of strain that fall under the category of failing to achieve positively valued goals. They are (1) strain as the disjunction between expectations and actual achievements; not achieving these goals is likely to cause anger, dissatisfaction, and disappointment, this cause of strain connects back to previous strain theories, such as Mertons (Agnew 1992:51). (2) Strain as the disjunction between just or fair outcomes and actual outcome. This source looks beyond simply failing to achieve a goal of monetary success or doing well in school (Agnew 1992:53). An example of this source of strain would be when an outcome of a situation conflicts with what the individual believed they deserved. Lets say a sales worker who thought they deserved a promotion due to good sales performance gets demoted while someone with less credentials get promoted. This can lead to strain due to inequity, where an individual will feel that they are unequal to those of their peers and will subsequently increase the chances they engage in delinquency. The main reason for delinquency in this case is to attempt to improve their outcome, such as lying on sales and fudging the books, or affect others outcome, such as writing slanderous rumors that get someone fired (Agnew 1992:54). Removal of Stimuli Agnew describes that by removing a positively valued stimuli it has the potential to cause strain. Getting something of great value stolen from you would be an example of the removal. The desire to get the object back could lead to a person committing delinquent acts by seeking revenge for those responsible. Negative Stimuli The existence of unpleasant stimuli can lead to delinquent behavior through the following avenue: Agnew (1992) states that a person may seek an escape from the negative stimuli, by trying to dispose of the stimuli. An example of removing stimuli could be someone shooting up a school because they were bullied, thus terminating the negative stimuli. Crime In short, using the above sources of strain, it is clear that negative relationships with other have potential to cause strain in an individual and in turn result in negative emotions. Agnew (1992) argues that the key emotion associated with General Strain theory is anger. A negative affect such as anger, is likely to lead an individual to take corrective steps to quell their anger. Often times anger leads an individual to seek revenge and is also a strong motivator for action. Broidys Test Agnews Theory state that strains are shaped by various factors, including the nature, intensity, and duration of the strain, the emotions that the strain produces in the individual, the collection of coping mechanisms at an individuals disposal (Broidy 2001:10). By measuring these factors, primarily intensity and duration of strain, General Strain Theory can be empirically tested by criminologists. (Broidy 2001:10) Lisa Broidy, from the University of New Mexico, examined cross sectional data of 896 undergraduate students from seven different disciplines, who participated in self report surveys. Although Broidy (2001) suggests that the non random sample is not ideal, being neither representative of all college students nor representative to the population as a whole is useful for the purpose of this test. Broidy (2001) asserts that by testing the theory with most middle-class, white college age students, it ensures that the results of the test are not spurious. Using the survey data to test three hypothesizes, Broidy found that a failure to achieve goals that were set by an individual were less likely to result in anger where a failure to achieve goals due unfair circumstances were much more likely to cause negative emotions. This study done by Broidy appears to be consistent with general strain theory such that, anger induced from strain is likely to lead to illegitimate coping strategies. However, Broidys study yielded some results that were not consistent with General Strain Theory. For example, the finding that anger is unrelated to the likelihood of legitimate coping, is a finding that is not assumed in General Strain Theory (Broidy 2001:29), as the theory does in fact predict that negative emotions like anger would be associated with legitimate coping strategies. Also found in this study was that females were much less likely to employ illegitimate coping strategies than males, leading Broidy to suggest that future studies of general strain theory should study the effect that gender has on assumptions described in general strain theory. (Broidy 2001:) Since Agnews major revision in 1992 there has been a substantial amount of empirical tests like Broidys, which there had not been previously (Froggio 2007: 392-394). Much of the test results conducted between 1992 and 2003 confirms that correlation exists between stressful events, strain induced anger, and criminal activity. However, Froggio (2007) argues that despite evidence of correlation between delinquency and assumptions of General Strain Theory, the correlation is not clear cut in that many of the surveys conducted were limited. Moreover, Froggio (2007), argues that surveys in the future should incorporate Agnews assumptions of when crime is most likely to occur. Policy Implications After reading the literature, policy implications for General Strain Theory become obvious. Since General Strain Theory builds off the idea that blocked goals cause negative emotions such as anger, it should be emphasized that going to anger management is appropriate route to coping with stress rather than using alternative means such as beating someone up. Encouraging K-12 schools to teach children that the accumulation of wealth is not what is success necessary is could be another implication based off of this theory, by doing this it could encourage children to value family, job stability, and good health rather than simply becoming wealthy. Although difficult, equalizing the opportunity for all to become successful would prove to be effective based on the assumptions of strain theories. Equalizing opportunities could include paying females equal wages, or provide more intensive education in low income areas, as well as making it easier for those in lower socioeconomic classes to attend college. Strengths, Weaknesses, and Comments General strain theory can be easy to subscribe to due in part to its broad scope, and General Strain Theory unlike previous strain theories is able to focus on middle and lower class delinquency, rather than exclusively lower class like Merton. Some empirical evidence regarding general strain theory shows a strong correlate between negative emotions (anger) caused by strain and criminal activity. However, General Strain Theory fails to explain why some individuals who experience great amounts of strain fail to resort to illegitimate coping strategies. General Strain Theory by definition is a logically sound theory, as it is not tautological, and can clearly be falsified. General Strain theory in my opinion is parsimonious in its general explanation of why strain causes crime, but latent variables such as gender, age, race, neighborhood, and other factors make it complicated when it boils down to experimental testing. Although the theory appears to be logical and fits the criteria for being a good theory by what was learned in CRMJ 301, I have become a skeptic of the theory. In order for a person like me, who is eternally critical, to become an advocate of a theory like such, I would like to see more comprehensive studies done. If money and resources were not an issue I would suggest organizing a birth cohort study, where a team follows children from birth until they are in their 25. This would let the researchers look at various factors that cause strain firsthand, by doing interviews and surveys more frequently. Until then I beli eve that General Strain Theory is incomplete but if incorporated with other theories it can be helpful in explaining some delinquency.

Summary of Ethan Brand by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay example -- Ethan B

Summary of Ethan Brand by Nathaniel Hawthorne In the short story Ethan Brand, Ethan Brand lusts for knowledge that leads him on a quest for the unpardonable sin. The unpardonable sin, as one may interpret, is pride and self-gain. It is a loss of the brotherhood with man, and a loss of respect for God. Once this knowledge is gained, he faces alienation from all those around him. In searching for this sinful knowledge, Ethan Brand leads himself into intellectual isolation. He cannot separate his head from his heart, his intellect from his soul. After tending the kiln, in solitude for so long, his thoughts became his only company, as did the flames that danced in his eyes. Over come with the urge to seek knowledge, he falls to temptation. Adam and Eve's downfall was in knowledge, as was Ethan Brand's fall. His sin is best described as, "The sin of intellect that triumphed over the sense of brotherhood with man and reverence for God and sacrificed everything to its own mighty claims". Upon leaving for his twenty-year journey, Brand becomes deranged in the eyes ...

Comparing the Use of Setting in The Shawl and The Portable Phonograph E

Use of Setting in "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In literature, setting is often used to enhance or develop characters, provide realism, and create a mood or atmosphere for a story (Roberts 256). Two short stories, "The Shawl" by Cynthia Ozick and Walter Van Tillburg Clark’s "The Portable Phonograph" explore victims of war in the vivid settings that the authors have created. Although both works are vague as to geographic setting and place in time, the authors’ detailed descriptions of the character’s surroundings envelop the reader and lend an air of authenticity to the tales (Kauvar 180). "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" differ in their treatment of symbolism and characterization but their ingenious use of setting to create a theme unites these two stories. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" both open with intense, haunting descriptions; Ozick shocks readers with her portrayal of "the Holocaust in searingly vivid sensory impressions" (Watson 892) and Clark dedicates his first three paragraphs to describing a desolate, war torn plain devoid of almost all life. Clark immediately creates a sense of a dangerous, foreboding world, describing a "sensation of torment" that "arose from the stillness of the earth air beneath the violence of the upper air" (Roberts 260). The reader is left with an impression, filled with detail, but moreover, overflowing with emotion. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" contain objects that are critical to the stories and to the mental states of the characters contained within. In the former story, the Rosa believes the shawl protects her baby from the horrors of the Holocaust, the scrap of cloth provides her with hope that the next generation wi... ...rough their thoughts. The settings in these two stories act as more than simply a backdrop for a tale, they are used "to create meaning, just as painters include backgrounds and objects to render ideas" (Roberts 255).    Works Cited Kauvar, Elaine M. Cynthia Ozick’s Fiction: Tradition and Invention. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Magill, Frank N. ed. Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Vol. 2. Pasadena: Salem Press,1993. Roberts, Edgar V. and Jacobs, Henry E. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1998. Sheehy, Gail. Spirit of Survival. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1986. Stine, Jean C. ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 28. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984. Watson, Noelle, ed. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994.   

Pro Life vs Pro Choice Essay

â€Å"Pro Life† people that believe that for example a fetus is a human and abortion should be considered murder vs. â€Å"Pro Choice† people that for example believe its up to them and no one else a subject that has been a sensitive moral issue for people through out the entire world. The issue we currently have in hand is should abortion be allowed or not and why or why not. This issue should be looked at very carefully because it does not just effect one person it affects other people’s lives as well. There are many utilitarian’s or should we call them people that are Pro Choice out there in this world that believe that when an issue comes about, the issue when handled should offer the most positive out come not only for oneself but for others as well. When women take the time and make sure that getting an abortion is the best thing to do, some of the reasons they are considering or should be considered is; am I ready to be a mom if the conclusion is you are not ready to become a mom it could be because of what is currently going on in your life. For example, if it’s you still are in school and would like to continue your education. A very important reason one to be considered the highest is not having a supportive boyfriend or husband, you can’t do it by yourself. Some will say that they cannot afford a child at this point and time. How will you be able to feed, cloth, and shelter your child with out the necessary means? Another thing that must be considered is will the mother or child be able to survive the birth. If there is a guarantee then there should be no questions asked, if the mother wants to have an abortion then it is her right to make that decision, if she knows she could possibly die from giving birth, and she is not allowed an abortion wouldn’t that be considered suicide or murder. Judith Jarvis Thomson states, â€Å" I think that the premise is false, that the fetus is not a person from the moment of conception. A newly fertilized ovum, a newly implanted clump of cells, is no more a person than an acorn is an oak tree. But I shall not discuss any of this. For it seems to me to be of great interest to ask what happens if, for the sake of argument, we allow the premise. How, precisely, are we supposed to get from there to the conclusion that abortion is morally impermissible† (Thomson) . On the other hand people that are Pro Life will argue the fact that fetuses are human beings and it is morally wrong to take their life from them, they say that it is against god or any higher power but that argument can be considered a little â€Å"flakey†, that seems like they are telling you to be a religious person, with the possibility of so many complications it is extremely dangerous on the mothers end, there is always the option to put your child up for adoption, you should know and or trust that the state will put your infant in a good family. No society will allow any human to intentionally harm or take the life of another human being without any form of punishment, and abortion should be considered no different. Doctors and nurses promised to save our lives, not destroy them. Don Marquis of the University of Kansas asks a different question â€Å" Do we have the same reasons not to kill a fetus that we have not to kill an adult?† killing adults he says, is wrong because it deprives them of their future. But in Killing a fetus, we are also depriving it of its future. Thus, it seems inconsistent to object one but not the other.† (Marquis) We all know that there are always going to be arguments on abortion being right or wrong. Each side both has value able points that they bring up in discussion. Morally its hard to say, you can always give your opinion but it ultimately its on a personal level and no one else’s beliefs should be forced upon you. I personally believe that it should be allowed. There are more positive reasons why it should be allowed. In my opinion some of those reasons are if you know your child will be ill and not be able to take care of him or herself at all, if there is a chance the mother or child wont be able to survive the birth. However, I do not believe that only one side should be taken, it is wrong to kill a human being no matter what state they are in his or her life. If abortion was to be socially accepted then there might be safer ways to come about, or more people would want to adopt which would make it a win win for all. But what it really boils down to is it’s up to the m other and no one else, it’s her body, and her child and it should ultimately be up to her.

How Personal Differences and Preference Can Impact Organizational Ethics Essay

1. Discuss how personal differences and preference can impact organizational ethics. Ethics norms for conduct are that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Also ethics is one of the important things in any kind of organization, and there are values and principles that help individuals distinguish right from wrong. Ethics depend on personality such as every single person has their own personality which based on culture and the way person was raised. Most of the human repeat their parents’ behavior. They watch how their parents act in this or another situation and the same thing they will do in the future. On the other hand, some people refused to respond this behavior and just fallow their own personality. In the broadest sense, ethics refers to the study of moral values, principles, and rules, including the determination of standards of conduct and obligations for individuals and organizations. Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral development occurs throughout life and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Personal differences and preference can impact organizational ethics no matter where you are going to work in the world you will come across a multitude of individual differences and preferences. An individual difference does not affect the individual alone, but everyone around them in an organization. In an organization, there is no way an individual can be treated the same way as the other employees because everyone’s personality is difference. Personal differences and preference in organizations also demonstrate the standard of ethics held by those shaping the culture — whether that standard is articulated in an ethics manual or deduced from behavior, or made visible in the gap between the two. Think of an organization as another ‘being’ with its own set of ethics, which may or may not coincide with each employee’s ethics. While it’s true that organizations are run by people, organizational cultures (and market standards) often seem to take on a life of their own, thus influencing or regulating the behavior of the vast majority of people in them. Interestingly, in an InformationWeek Research survey of 250 Information-Technology and business professionals, only 54-percent say they have a personal code for evaluating the ethical and moral implications of business decisions. Of those who do, 67-percent say it’s based on their company’s code of conduct; only personal experience polled higher (70%). Other studies show that more and more  companies are appointing ethics officers, while high percentages of their employees say they routinely observe unethical behavior at work and are fearful of reporting it. 2. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. Organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics because good they should be developed and based on good moral ethics. It is an organizations expectation that its employees will know the policies and abide by them. Organizational policies and procedures are usually depending on a guide of company. A guide communicates to the employees witch considered right or wrong. He or she often plays a positive role to make a strong company in ethics and behavior. However, it can also have a negative effect on employees’ behavior which follows organizational ethics. For example, most of the companies create organizational policies and procedures which help employees to do the right decisions. This kind of companies which have organizational policies inspires their employees to do better work and as a result they get a higher position in performance and profits. Also this method make employees make there goals what they planned to rich however all these benefits strengthen the relationship between the organization and all those involved directly or indirectly to its activities. On the other hand, some time in companies you meet people who try to involved organizational politics and procedures, and this kind of personality is a problem for organization. It is because they think organizational politics and procedures of company don’t impact in their personality. Individuals like this can eventually bring a company to bankruptcy. For instance, an employee that does not agree with a company’s policy on property rights may decide to communicate confidential information to a competitor. In brief, organizational policies and procedures are important for any company. It will help managers to do the job and employees will make right decisions. 3. Discuss the ethical dilemmas that Valerie is facing. Valeria Young was a marketing manager at an international cosmetics and fragrance company Wisson. Valerie did not have a U.S. green card, only a special working visa, which allows non–U.S. citizens with unique skills to work in this country for a certain amount of time. Also, the company which she was work on it sponsored her for master degree in Chicago University. The ethical dilemma what Valeria had been facing in Wisson that while she was working there, and she discovered that her boss had been receiving kickbacks from the two fragrance companies around $35.000. This situation was stressful for her because she didn’t know what the right decision. She asked herself should she sacrifice her carrier, education, status, and her coworkers’ future for unethical behavior of her boss. The decision she made would influence her co-workers lives as well as her own. What about ethics? The manager of company Wisson Lionel Waters was a constant example of how not to be ethical in handling business and employees. Instead of being a leader who would help activate ethics mindfulness in others, he was the polar opposite. Some time he canceled meetings or did not show up at all, some of the company’s money was spent for his own good. Waters had never care about his employees or their jobs, all what was he care about it his own successes. To know all of this it was a hard decision for Valeria, she wished she had never seen those papers. It would have been much easier for her to continue her work as usual. 4. Recommend what Valerie should do. Valerie situation is reminding me of immigrants and international students like me. I consider myself to strong ethical person, but if I will in the same situation like she was, I probably will do the same thing. The ethical dilemmas that Valerie was facing were not only about right or wrong, but her decision would affect her job security, interpersonal relations at work, immigration status including her stay in the country, career development including education advancement, promotion, and economic conditions.

Research In Motion Analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In Motion Analysis - Research Paper Example In a heavily competitive globalized business world, RIM cannot survive without the complete restructuring of its strategies with respect to human resources, information systems, marketing etc. Earlier RIM concentrated mainly in American and European markets for selling its blackberry phones. However, recent recession caused severe problems in these regions and RIM slowly shifted its focus towards the more prosperous and emerging Asian region. India and China are some of the emerging markets which are concentrated by RM now. However, it is not easy for RIM to penetrate in this market because of the strong dominance of others mobile manufacturers such as Nokia, Samsung, Apple etc in these markets. Since Canada is a democratic country, RIM may not experience much political troubles in India; however in China the case is entirely different. RIM should recognize that the political, legal, environmental, social, cultural and linguistic climate in overseas countries is extremely different from that in Canada. So, RIM should fine tune its HRM policies in overseas countries in accordance with the above mentioned differences. RIM should modify its technology used in blackberry phones in order to make it suitable to the legal requirements in other countries. For example, in India RIM is facing strong challenges with respect to technology. â€Å"India says it wants realtime access to RIMs BlackBerry Enterprise Email and its Messenger services in a readable format. Security officials say the inability to monitor BlackBerry traffic undermines efforts to protect national security† (FACTBOX - Problems BlackBerry services face in India, 2010). RIM was not much ready to accept the claims of Indian government. RIM argued that they don’t have the technology to cater the needs of Indian authorities; however, it assured India that it will provide manual access to its messenger services. India is not fully satisfied with the offers of

Shakespeare's Globe Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shakespeare's Globe Theater - Essay Example It was located in the outskirts of London (Notini 1001); made from oak was one of England’s most magnificent structures with a sitting capacity of around 3000 and designed as an open air three story amphitheater. Despite the glaring class divisions in the Elizabethan times, which were evident even in most of the plays, the theatre provided a forum in which both the rich and poor could enjoy entertainment together. The upper classes occupied the upper levels which were relatively comfortable while the poor also known in the theater context as ‘groundling’ occupied an area called the pit for the price of a penny although they had to stand. The theatre’s dramatic symbolism was enhanced by the fact that signs and flags were normally used when advertising performances that the audience expected to see (Weimann 402). A tragedy like Othello would be symbolized by a black flag, comedies like taming of the shrew a white one and historical plays such as Julius Ceaser would be advertised with a red flag. Embossed on the entrance were the Latin inscriptions â€Å"Totus mundus agit histrionem†, meaning the whole world is a playhouse. The theater’s historical significance is underpinned by its close resemblance to the Greco roman structures where citizens met to enjoy games and plays. It acts as a bridge to the classical and renaissance periods where theater was finally given the recognition it deserved and to a significant extent, the globe theatre is the reason for success and relevance of broadways and even Hollywood albeit indirectly. Here, famous plays were tried and tested and different staging techniqu es experimented with, the individuality of actors was also approached with exceptional ones being recognized and this gradually led up to the concept of stardom where actors are highly revered although in those days they were often considered immoral. During

Afrocentrism Historiographical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Afrocentrism Historiographical Paper - Essay Example In searching for the origins of Greek civilization, the Western world is in search of its identity. However, in the act of separating the world into a Western and an Eastern world, theories surrounding origins are biased by the desire to belong to the foundational race. In examining such theories, an observance can be made about the way in which ’truth’ is defined within the framework of scholarly theory. The origin of the Afrocentric movement of theories can be traced to the 19th century when â€Å"an approach that explicitly sets out to redress the negative images which have often been developed of Africans and to promote positive constructions of African heritage†(Ancient Egypt 2003, 7) was determined to be needed for cultural authenticity. The work of Cheikh Ante Diop, a Senegalese national who studied in Paris, and became an historian, an anthropologist, a physicist and a politician, studied histories of origin in order to support his theories and determined that â€Å"it was Europe that depended on Africa . . . Far from having no history at all, as European scholars had been assuring themselves, Africa was now recognized as no less than the source of mankind†(July 1987, 137). Martin Bernal’s theory of the origins of Greek civilization has created a great debate in the academic community. The basis of this theory is that a correction in accepted European revisionist theories on the origins of Greece must be made. Greece culture, according to Bernal, was borrowed from the civilizations of Egypt and Phoenicia, not from the northern Indo-European cultures. He contends that this theory of Indo-European influence is a result of theories produced out of prejudice that are created to diminish the influence of African cultures on modern thought. Bernal (1994) states the Greeks were fiercely opposed to the idea that any other culture had ever been involved in the creation of their society that they were superior to

Prepare a comparative analysis research paper on people whom you feel Essay

Prepare a comparative analysis research paper on people whom you feel are great business communicators, (e.g. Warren Buffet, Opr - Essay Example As a function of understanding this, the following research will focus upon the means whereby each of these leaders ascribe to the following communications strategies: captivation of listeners by tone and body language and the integration of a tailored/lasered message meant to engage the listener. Due to the fact that it would be foolish and shortsighted to minimize the extent to which key differences play into the process of leadership and communication development, this analysis will include a brief analysis within each of the following sections with regards to how the affected business leaders in question further help to differentiate themselves within such determinants. With respect to the Oprah Winfrey utilizes the first aspect of communication listed above, the observer can quickly note that Oprah herself provides a unique level of interest with regards to the subjects she discusses; acting as a prime motivator for how the shareholder views the product or the situation in quest ion. Rather than merely filling in every space with words, such as many individuals who have received their professional start in talk show hosting are prone to do, Oprah’s ultimate strength is her knowledge of when to allow a sense of effect to develop and when to continue on; when to utilize body language and when not to (Sellers 2002). Similarly, with respect to the second determinant listed above, Oprah exhibits that she understands full well the importance of tailoring and â€Å"lasering† her message to meet the given need within the allotted time frame. This is a skill that many might otherwise overlook; however, it is one of the utmost importance due to the fact that without the ability to target the given shareholder with identifiable and gripping information, no matter how important the subject or how great the need to increase sales might be, the message will doubtless appear flat and otherwise stale (Sweeny 2011). Comparatively, Steve Jobs, during his brief lifetime, utilized the body language as well as verbal imagery to engage shareholders with the excitement and uniqueness of Apple’s product designs. As a means of presenting himself as the sole individual on an otherwise empty stage and methodically yet engagingly discussing these products with both a physical and multimedia audience, Jobs was able to convey a sense of awe and excitement that would likely not have been engaged by a lesser CEO (Gallo 2011). With regards to the second determinant, Steve Jobs seemingly had a type of built-in understanding for the type of language that would grip the consumer and provide them with a sense of awe with regards to the given product. As a function of this, his communication style was not one that wandered from topic to topic during the few brief minutes which he engaged with the public. Rather, there was a direct point, key functionalities, and technical specifications that were related to the would-be user within terms that would no t frighten those that otherwise would not have a great deal of technical expertise or understanding (Cusumano 2011). This primary knowledge of the market with which he was ultimately engaging was the primal reason why Apple has become such a fixture of US technology and engineering that it is today. By realizing what the consumer needed relayed to